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In the context of software engineering, software quality measures how well software is designed ( quality of design), and how well the software conforms to that design ( quality of conformance), although there are several different definitions. It is often described as the 'fitness for purpose' of a piece of software. Whereas quality of conformance is concerned with implementation (see Software Quality Assurance), quality of design measures how valid the design and requirements are in creating a worthwhile product. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Definition [ ] One of the challenges of software quality is that 'everyone feels they understand it'.

Software quality may be defined as conformance to explicitly stated functional and performance requirements, explicitly documented development standards and implicit characteristics that are expected of all professionally developed software. The three key points in this definition: • Software requirements are the foundations from which quality is measured. Lack of conformance to requirement is lack of quality. Uchebnaya karta u 34 37 v v 4 1. • Specified standards define a set of development criteria that guide the manager is software engineering. If criteria are not followed lack of quality will usually result.

• A set of implicit requirements often goes unmentioned, for example ease of use, maintainability etc. If software confirms to its explicit requirement but fails to meet implicit requirements, software quality is suspected. A definition in Steve McConnell's Code Complete divides software into two pieces: internal and external quality characteristics. External quality characteristics are those parts of a product that face its users, where internal quality characteristics are those that do not. Another definition by Dr. Tom DeMarco says 'a product's quality is a function of how much it changes the world for the better.' This can be interpreted as meaning that user satisfaction is more important than anything in determining software quality.

Another definition, coined by Gerald Weinberg in Quality Software Management: Systems Thinking, is 'Quality is value to some person.' This definition stresses that quality is inherently subjective - different people will experience the quality of the same software very differently. One strength of this definition is the questions it invites software teams to consider, such as 'Who are the people we want to value our software?' And 'What will be valuable to them?' History [ ] Software product quality [ ] • Correctness • Product quality • conformance to requirements or program specification; related to Reliability • Scalability • Completeness • Absence of bugs • Fault-tolerance • Extensibility • Maintainability • Documentation The Consortium for IT Software Quality (CISQ) was launched in 2009 to standardize the measurement of software product quality.

The Consortium's goal is to bring together industry executives from Global 2000 IT organizations, system integrators, outsourcers, and package vendors to jointly address the challenge of standardizing the measurement of IT software quality and to promote a market-based ecosystem to support its deployment. Source code quality [ ] A computer has no concept of 'well-written' source code. However, from a human point of view source code can be written in a way that has an effect on the effort needed to comprehend its behavior. Many source code programming style guides, which often stress readability and usually language-specific conventions are aimed at reducing the cost of source code maintenance. Some of the issues that affect code quality include: • Readability • Ease of maintenance, testing, debugging, fixing, modification and portability • Low complexity • Low resource consumption: memory, CPU • Number of compilation or lint warnings • Robust input validation and error handling, established by software fault injection Methods to improve the quality: • Refactoring • Code Inspection or software review • Documenting code Software reliability [ ] Software reliability is an important facet of software quality. It is defined as 'the probability of failure-free operation of a computer program in a specified environment for a specified time'.

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