Neturei Karta synagogue and study hall in Neturei Karta (: נָטוֹרֵי קַרְתָּא nāṭōrē qarṯā, literally 'Guardians of the City') is a religious group of, formally created in,, in 1938, splitting off from. Neturei Karta opposes secular and calls for a dismantling of the, in the belief that Jews are forbidden to have their own state until the coming of the. While the Neturei Karta consider themselves true Jews, the US-based Jewish has described them as 'the farthest fringes of Judaism'. In Israel some members also pray at affiliated, in 's neighborhood and in Ramat Beit Shemesh Bet. Neturei Karta states that no official count of the number of members exists.

The puts their numbers at 5,000, while the Anti-Defamation League estimates that fewer than 100 members of the community take part in anti-Israel activism. According to the Anti-Defamation League, members of Neturei Karta have a long history of extremist statements and support for notable anti-Zionists and Islamists. According to the US branch Neturei Karta: 'The name Neturei Karta is a name usually given to those people who regularly pray in the Neturei Karta synagogues (Torah Ve'Yirah Jerusalem, Torah U'Tefillah London, Torah U'Tefillah NY, Beis Yehudi Upstate NY, etc.), study in or send their children to educational institutions run by Neturei Karta, or actively participate in activities, assemblies or demonstrations called by the Neturei Karta'. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • Origin of the name Originally the organization was called Chevrat HaChayim (Society of Life); however this name was quickly supplanted in favor of the name Neturei Karta. The name Neturei Karta literally means 'Guardians of the City' in and is derived from a narrative on page 76c of in the. There it is related that Rabbi sent two rabbis on a tour of inspection: In one town they asked to see the 'guardians of the city' and the city guard was paraded before them.

They said that these were not the guardians of the city but its destroyers, which prompted the citizens to ask who, then, could be considered the guardians. The rabbis answered, 'The scribes and the scholars,' referring them to Tehillim () Chapter 127. It is this role that Neturei Karta see themselves as fulfilling by defending what they believe is 'the position of the and authentic unadulterated Judaism.' Further information: Generally, members of Neturei Karta are descendants of Jews and who were students of the (known as ) who had settled in Jerusalem in the early nineteenth century. In the late nineteenth century, their ancestors participated in the creation of new neighborhoods outside the city walls to alleviate overcrowding in the Old City, and most are now concentrated in the neighborhood of and the larger neighborhood.

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At the time, they were vocal opponents to the new political ideology of that was attempting to assert Jewish sovereignty in -controlled. They resented the new arrivals, who were predominantly non-religious, while they asserted that Jewish redemption could be brought about only by the Jewish messiah. Members of Neturei Karta at the protests in Berlin 2014 Neturei Karta was founded by Rabbi and Rabbi Aharon Katzenelbogen.

Rabbi Blau was a native of in Jerusalem and was active in the during the era. However, by the 1930s, the Aguda began to adopt a more compromising and accommodationist approach to the Zionist movement. This caused Rabbi Blau to split with the Aguda in 1937 and alongside of Rabbi Katzenelbogen found Chevrat HaChayim, which was soon to be known thereafter as Neturei Karta. Other movements, including some who oppose Zionism, have denounced the activities of the radical branch of Neturei Karta. According to, '[e]ven among, or ultra-Orthodox circles, the Neturei Karta are regarded as a wild fringe'.